Una causa singular de hipertensión endocrina / A remarkable cause of endocrine hypertension

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Retraso diagnóstico y terapéutico en el hiperparatiroidismo primario. Un problema no resuelto / Diagnostic and treatment delay in primary hyperparathyroidism. A pending issue

INTRODUCCIÓN: El HPTP frecuentemente permanece sin diagnosticar en pacientes con hipercalcemia, lo que podría ocasionar un aumento de la morbilidad en estos sujetos. OBJETIVO: Identificar la presencia de hipercalcemia y de criterios de tratamiento quirúrgico (CTQ) no identificados desde al menos un año antes de su remisión a endocrinología en pacientes operados de HPTP. Valorar si este retraso terapéutico se asocia a mayor morbilidad. MÉTODOS: Estudio observacional en 116 pacientes consecutivos. Mediante la revisión de los registros anteriores a 12 meses previos a su derivación a endocrinología se dividieron en 4 grupos: hipercalcemia con CTQ (grupo 1, n = 43), hipercalcemia sin CTQ (grupo 2, n = 23), calcemias normales (grupo 3, n = 18) o ausencia de calcemias en dichos registros (grupo 4, n = 32). RESULTADOS: En 84 pacientes (72,4%) había calcemias previas, 66 (56,9%) con hipercalcemia, de ellos 43 (37%) con CTQ no valorados. La demora media hasta su remisión fue de 57 meses. Casi la mitad de las calcemias del grupo 1 procedían de urgencias. Respecto al grupo 4 los pacientes del grupo 1 tenían menor edad, mayor incidencia de nefrolitiasis e insuficiencia renal al remitírseles. Las calcemias en el momento de su derivación eran similares, superiores a las de los grupos 2 y 3. DISCUSIÓN: Los pacientes con HPTP y CTQ se remiten a endocrinología con un retraso medio de 5 años. La inadvertencia de la hipercalcemia y/o el desconocimiento de los CTQ retrasan esta derivación, determinada por hipercalcemias superiores, y se asocian a una afectación renal más severa. Son precisas medidas correctoras para evitar este retraso en el diagnóstico y curación del HPTP

INTRODUCTION: Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) remains underdiagnosed among patients with hypercalcemia, potentially causing increased morbidity. OBJECTIVE: To identify in surgically operated patients the presence of overlooked hypercalcemia and patients with criteria for surgery (CFS) for PHPT at least one year prior to referral to Endocrinology, and to determine whether this diagnostic delay leads to increased morbidity. METHODS: An observational study was carried out in 116 consecutive patients. We evaluated electronic medical records registered at least 12 months prior to referral and divided them in four groups: hypercalcemia with CFS (group 1), hypercalcemia without CFS (group 2), normocalcemia (group 3), and cases without previous biochemical evaluation (group 4). RESULTS: A total of 84 patients (72.4%) had a previous measurement of serum calcium at a time interval of ≥ 12 months. Sixty-six (56.9%) had hypercalcemia and 43 of them (37%) had ≥ 1 CFS, with an average delay of 57 months in receiving proper evaluation. Almost half of the calcemia measurements in group 1 had been made in the emergency room. Patients from group 1 were younger, and had a greater frequency of nephrolithiasis and renal impairment than patients in group 4. The serum calcium values at referral were similar in both groups and higher than the values found in patients from the other two groups. DISCUSSION: In patients with PHPT and CFS, referral to an endocrinologist is made with an average delay of almost 5 years. The identified causes of this delay, which conditions more kidney disease, are unrecognized hypercalcemia and/or unawareness of the surgical criteria, while calcium elevations promote referral. Interventions are needed to avoid this delay in the diagnosis and resolution of PHPT

[Is there life after teduglutide?] / ¿Hay vida después de teduglutida?

INTRODUCTION: Intestinal failure (IF) is defined as a reduction in intestinal function below the minimum necessary for the absorption of nutrients, requiring intravenous supplementation to maintain health and/or growth. The most common cause is short bowel syndrome (SBS). Approximately 50% of patients with SBS have IF and require parenteral support. Teduglutide is a human glucagon-like peptide-2 analogue (GLP-2) approved for the treatment of patients with SBS. Clinical trial results have proven its efficacy by reducing volume and days of administration of parenteral nutrition and fluid therapy. Few publications evaluate the effects on long-term bowel function in respondent patients after teduglutide suspension. A patient with type I SBS (terminal jejunostomy) due to multiple surgeries for Crohn's disease, who was treated with liraglutide for one year and sequential teduglutide for 21 months, is described. With the former, a reduction in the need for contribution and debit by jejunostomy was observed. The GLP-2 analogue achieved a greater reduction in the hydric disbalance that allowed the suspension of the nocturnal suerotherapy, with weight gain and maintenance of nutritional parameters; situation maintained two years after its suspension.

INTRODUCCIÓN: El fallo intestinal se define como una reducción de la función intestinal por debajo del mínimo necesario para la absorción de nutrientes y que precisa suplementación intravenosa para mantener la salud y/o el crecimiento. La causa más frecuente es el síndrome de intestino corto. Aproximadamente el 50% de pacientes con SIC presenta FI y requiere soporte parenteral. Teduglutida es un análogo del péptido-2 similar al glucagón (GLP-2) humano aprobado para el tratamiento de pacientes con SIC. Los resultados de ensayos clínicos han probado su eficacia: se reducen el volumen y los días de administración de nutrición parenteral y fluidoterapia. Pocas publicaciones evalúan los efectos sobre la función intestinal a largo plazo en pacientes respondedores tras la suspensión de teduglutida. Se describe un paciente con SIC tipo I (yeyunostomía terminal) debido a múltiples intervenciones quirúrgicas por enfermedad de Crohn, que recibió tratamiento con liraglutida un año y teduglutida secuencial durante 21 meses. Con el primero, se objetivó una reducción en la necesidad de aporte y débito por yeyunostomía. El análogo del GLP-2 consiguió una mayor reducción del desequilibrio hídrico que permitió suspender sueroterapia nocturna, con ganancia ponderal y mantenimiento de parámetros nutricionales, situación mantenida dos años después de su suspensión.

Diagnostic and treatment delay in primary hyperparathyroidism. A pending issue. / Retraso diagnóstico y terapéutico en el hiperparatiroidismo primario. Un problema no resuelto.

INTRODUCTION: Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) remains underdiagnosed among patients with hypercalcemia, potentially causing increased morbidity. OBJECTIVE: To identify in surgically operated patients the presence of overlooked hypercalcemia and patients with criteria for surgery (CFS) for PHPT at least one year prior to referral to Endocrinology, and to determine whether this diagnostic delay leads to increased morbidity. METHODS: An observational study was carried out in 116 consecutive patients. We evaluated electronic medical records registered at least 12 months prior to referral and divided them in four groups: hypercalcemia with CFS (group 1), hypercalcemia without CFS (group 2), normocalcemia (group 3), and cases without previous biochemical evaluation (group 4). RESULTS: A total of 84 patients (72.4%) had a previous measurement of serum calcium at a time interval of ≥ 12 months. Sixty-six (56.9%) had hypercalcemia and 43 of them (37%) had ≥ 1 CFS, with an average delay of 57 months in receiving proper evaluation. Almost half of the calcemia measurements in group 1 had been made in the emergency room. Patients from group 1 were younger, and had a greater frequency of nephrolithiasis and renal impairment than patients in group 4. The serum calcium values at referral were similar in both groups and higher than the values found in patients from the other two groups. DISCUSSION: In patients with PHPT and CFS, referral to an endocrinologist is made with an average delay of almost 5 years. The identified causes of this delay, which conditions more kidney disease, are unrecognized hypercalcemia and/or unawareness of the surgical criteria, while calcium elevations promote referral. Interventions are needed to avoid this delay in the diagnosis and resolution of PHPT.